A series of symbols are used to represent different aspects of a pedigree. Below are the principal symbols used when drawing a pedigree. Once phenotypic data is collected from several generations and the pedigree is drawn, careful analysis will allow you to determine whether the trait is dominant or recessive. Along this line, we'd indicate males and females. We would indicate marriages between individuals with a horizontal line connecting the two individuals.
If an individual has a genetic trait, we would blacken those individuals in or shade them so that it would be understood that they had a particular trait. We would then draw a line, a vertical line, off the horizontal line where we would indicate any of their children that they had, and we would then indicate if any of their children were infected.
And we can do this for as many generations as we have. Iraqi Med J. Bittles A. Consanguinity and its relevance to clinical genetics. Clin Genet. Familial Mediterranean fever: prevalence, penetrance and genetic drift. Eur J Hum Genet. Severin MJ. Genetic susceptibility for specific cancers. Medical liability of the clinician. Baglioni S, Genuardi M. Simple and complex genetics of colorectal cancer susceptibility. Prolonged QT syndrome in children: an uncommon but potentially fatal entity.
J Emerg Med. Pietrangelo A. Hereditary hemochromatosis—a new look at an old disease. N Engl J Med. Guest editor of the series is Daniel J. Get Permissions. Read the Issue. Sign Up Now. Aug 1, Issue. A Screening for colorectal cancer 5 Screen men and women 50 years and older for colorectal cancer. B Behavioral counseling in primary care to promote a healthy diet 6 Counsel adult patients with hyperlipidemia and other known risk factors for cardiovascular and diet-related chronic disease. B Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm 8 Perform one-time ultrasound screening in men 65 to 75 years of age who have ever smoked.
B Screening for breast cancer 9 Perform screening mammography, with or without clinical breast examination, every one to two years in women 40 years of age and older.
B Screening for lipid disorders in adults 10 Screen men 20 to 35 years of age and women 20 to 45 years of age with diabetes, a family history of cardiovascular disease before age 50 in male relatives or age 60 in female relatives, or a family history suggestive of familial hyperlipidemia.
I Screening for prostate cancer 12 Evidence is insufficient to recommend for or against routine screening for prostate cancer using prostate-specific antigen testing or digital rectal examination.
I Newborn hearing screening 13 Evidence is insufficient to recommend for or against routine screening of newborns for hearing loss during postpartum hospitalization. Standard pedigree symbols used in the collection of a family history.
Pedigree Symbols Figure 1. Genomics Glossary Consanguinity: A genetic relationship between persons descended from a common ancestor. Read the full article. Get immediate access, anytime, anywhere. Choose a single article, issue, or full-access subscription. Earn up to 6 CME credits per issue. Purchase Access: See My Options close. Best Value! To see the full article, log in or purchase access. Want to use this article elsewhere?
More in Pubmed Citation Related Articles. Email Alerts Don't miss a single issue. Sign up for the free AFP email table of contents. Navigate this Article. Screen men and women 50 years and older for colorectal cancer. Fatigue or arthralgias. Diabetes or cirrhosis. Hereditary hemochromatosis. Seizures, developmental delay, mental retardation, tumors. TS1, TS2. Recurrent UTI or hematuria. Hypertension, nephrolithiasis, cerebral aneurysm, or renal failure.
Autosomal-dominant PKD. Epistaxis, telangiectasias. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. These diagrams are used to determine the mode of inheritance of a particular disease or trait, and to predict the probability of its appearance among offspring. Pedigree analysis is therefore an important tool in both basic research and genetic counseling. Each pedigree chart represents all of the available information about the inheritance of a single trait most often a disease within a family.
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